1. What is Road Gradient?

Road gradient refers to the steepness or slope of a road surface, expressed as a percentage. It represents the vertical rise divided by the horizontal run, multiplied by 100 to convert to percentage form.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the gradient formula:

Where:

• \( \text{Rise} \) — Vertical height difference (meters)
• \( \text{Run} \) — Horizontal distance (meters)
• \( \text{Gradient \%} \) — Slope percentage result

Explanation: This formula calculates the slope as a percentage by comparing the vertical change to the horizontal distance traveled.

3. Importance of Gradient Calculation

Details: Gradient calculation is essential for road design, construction, and safety. It helps determine appropriate road grades for vehicles, drainage requirements, and identifies potential safety hazards on steep slopes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the vertical rise in meters and the horizontal run in meters. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is considered a steep road gradient?
A: Generally, gradients above 8-10% are considered steep for regular vehicles, while gradients above 15% may be challenging for heavy vehicles.

Q2: How does gradient affect vehicle performance?
A: Steeper gradients require more engine power, increase fuel consumption, and can affect braking distance and vehicle control.

Q3: What is the maximum gradient for highways?
A: Most highway design standards limit maximum gradients to 6-8% depending on design speed and terrain.

Q4: How is gradient different from angle?
A: Gradient is expressed as percentage while angle is in degrees. A 45° angle equals 100% gradient.

Q5: Why use percentage instead of degrees?
A: Percentage is more intuitive for road design as it directly relates vertical rise to horizontal distance traveled.