1. What is Semiconductor Resistivity?

Semiconductor resistivity (ρ) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a semiconductor material opposes the flow of electric current. It is the reciprocal of conductivity (σ) and depends on carrier density and mobility.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the semiconductor resistivity formula:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Resistivity (Ω·m)
• \( \sigma \) — Conductivity (S/m)
• \( n \) — Carrier density (m⁻³)
• \( q \) — Elementary charge (1.6×10⁻¹⁹ C)
• \( \mu \) — Carrier mobility (m²/Vs)

Explanation: The formula shows that resistivity decreases with increasing carrier density and mobility, as more charge carriers and better mobility facilitate current flow.

3. Importance of Resistivity Calculation

Details: Accurate resistivity calculation is crucial for semiconductor device design, material characterization, and predicting device performance in electronic applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter carrier density in m⁻³, mobility in m²/Vs, and select carrier type (electron or hole). All values must be positive and non-zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between resistivity and conductivity?
A: Resistivity measures opposition to current flow, while conductivity measures ease of current flow. They are reciprocals: ρ = 1/σ.

Q2: How does temperature affect semiconductor resistivity?
A: Unlike metals, semiconductor resistivity decreases with increasing temperature due to increased carrier generation.

Q3: What are typical resistivity values for semiconductors?
A: Semiconductor resistivities range from 10⁻³ to 10⁸ Ω·m, depending on doping level and material type.

Q4: Why is carrier mobility important?
A: Mobility indicates how quickly charge carriers can move through the material under an electric field, directly affecting conductivity.

Q5: How does doping affect resistivity?
A: Increased doping increases carrier density, which decreases resistivity and increases conductivity.