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Resistivity Formula:
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The conductivity to resistivity conversion calculates the electrical resistivity (ρ) of a material from its electrical conductivity (σ). Resistivity is the inverse of conductivity and represents a material's inherent resistance to electric current flow.
The calculator uses the fundamental formula:
Where:
Explanation: This relationship shows that materials with high conductivity have low resistivity, and vice versa. The formula applies to all conductive materials including metals, semiconductors, and electrolytes.
Details: Resistivity calculation is essential for material selection in electrical engineering, designing conductors and insulators, quality control in manufacturing, and understanding material properties in physics research.
Tips: Enter electrical conductivity in siemens per meter (S/m). The value must be greater than zero. The calculator will automatically compute the corresponding resistivity in ohm-meters (Ω·m).
Q1: What is the difference between conductivity and resistivity?
A: Conductivity measures how well a material conducts electric current, while resistivity measures how strongly a material opposes electric current flow. They are inversely related.
Q2: What are typical resistivity values for common materials?
A: Silver: 1.59×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, Copper: 1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, Glass: 10¹⁰-10¹⁴ Ω·m, Rubber: 10¹³-10¹⁶ Ω·m.
Q3: Does temperature affect resistivity?
A: Yes, for most metals, resistivity increases with temperature. For semiconductors, resistivity decreases with temperature.
Q4: What units are used for conductivity and resistivity?
A: Conductivity is measured in siemens per meter (S/m), resistivity in ohm-meters (Ω·m).
Q5: Why is this conversion important in practical applications?
A: It helps engineers select appropriate materials for wiring, design electronic components, and understand the electrical properties of materials in various applications.