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Concentration Formula:
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Molar concentration (also called molarity) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species in a solution, expressed as the amount of substance per unit volume of solution. It is one of the most fundamental concepts in chemistry and is widely used in analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmaceutical sciences.
The calculator uses the molar concentration formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula calculates the concentration by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. The result represents how many moles of the substance are present in one liter of solution.
Details: Accurate concentration calculations are essential for preparing chemical solutions, conducting experiments, pharmaceutical formulations, environmental analysis, and quality control in industrial processes. Proper concentration ensures reproducible results and safe handling of chemicals.
Tips: Enter the amount of substance in moles and the volume in liters. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the molar concentration in mol/L (also denoted as M).
Q1: What is the difference between molarity and molality?
A: Molarity (C = n/V) is moles per liter of solution, while molality is moles per kilogram of solvent. Molarity is temperature-dependent, while molality is not.
Q2: How do I convert grams to moles?
A: Use the formula: moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol). You need to know the molar mass of the substance from the periodic table.
Q3: What are typical concentration units used in chemistry?
A: Common units include mol/L (M), mmol/L (mM), μmol/L (μM), g/L, mg/mL, and percentage concentrations (% w/v, % v/v).
Q4: Why is concentration important in chemical reactions?
A: Concentration affects reaction rates (rate laws), equilibrium positions, and stoichiometric calculations. Many reactions are concentration-dependent.
Q5: How does dilution affect concentration?
A: Dilution decreases concentration according to the formula C₁V₁ = C₂V₂, where C₁ and V₁ are initial concentration and volume, and C₂ and V₂ are final concentration and volume.