1. What is Torque?

Torque is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object. It represents the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Torque is fundamental in mechanics and engineering applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the torque formula:

Where:

• \( T \) — Torque (Newton-meters, Nm)
• \( F \) — Force applied (Newtons, N)
• \( r \) — Lever arm distance (meters, m)
• \( \theta \) — Angle between force vector and lever arm (degrees)

Explanation: The sine function accounts for the angle between the force direction and the lever arm. Maximum torque occurs when the force is perpendicular to the lever arm (θ = 90°).

3. Importance of Torque Calculation

Details: Accurate torque calculation is crucial for designing mechanical systems, analyzing rotational motion, determining bolt tightening specifications, and understanding engine performance in automotive applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter force in Newtons, lever arm in meters, and angle in degrees. All values must be valid (force > 0, radius > 0, angle between 0-180 degrees). The angle represents how perpendicular the force is to the lever arm.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between torque and force?
A: Force causes linear acceleration, while torque causes rotational acceleration. Torque depends on both the magnitude of force and the distance from the pivot point.

Q2: When is torque maximum?
A: Torque is maximum when the force is applied perpendicular to the lever arm (θ = 90°), since sin(90°) = 1.

Q3: What happens when the angle is 0° or 180°?
A: When the force is parallel to the lever arm (θ = 0° or 180°), sin(θ) = 0, resulting in zero torque as there is no rotational component.

Q4: What are common units for torque?
A: Common units include Newton-meters (Nm), foot-pounds (ft-lb), and inch-pounds (in-lb). This calculator uses Nm.

Q5: How does lever arm length affect torque?
A: Longer lever arms produce greater torque for the same applied force, which is why wrenches with longer handles provide more turning power.