1. What Is Resistivity And Conductivity?

Resistivity (ρ) and conductivity (σ) are fundamental electrical properties of materials that describe how well they resist or conduct electric current. In water quality analysis, these parameters are crucial for assessing water purity and ionic content.

2. How Does The Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the fundamental relationship between resistivity and conductivity:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Resistivity (ohm·cm)
• \( \sigma \) — Conductivity (S/cm)

Explanation: This inverse relationship means that as conductivity increases (more ions in water), resistivity decreases, and vice versa. Pure water has very low conductivity and very high resistivity.

3. Importance Of Resistivity Calculation

Details: Resistivity measurement is essential in water treatment, semiconductor manufacturing, pharmaceutical production, and laboratory applications where water purity is critical. High resistivity indicates pure water with minimal ionic contaminants.

4. Using The Calculator

Tips: Enter conductivity value in Siemens per centimeter (S/cm). The calculator will automatically compute the corresponding resistivity in ohm·centimeters. Ensure conductivity value is greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What Is The Typical Resistivity Of Pure Water?
A: Ultra-pure water at 25°C has resistivity of approximately 18.18 MΩ·cm (18,180,000 ohm·cm), corresponding to conductivity of 0.055 μS/cm.

Q2: How Does Temperature Affect Resistivity?
A: Resistivity decreases with increasing temperature as ionic mobility increases. Most measurements are standardized to 25°C for comparison.

Q3: What Are Common Conductivity Ranges For Different Water Types?
A: Distilled water: 0.5-5 μS/cm, Drinking water: 50-500 μS/cm, Sea water: ~50,000 μS/cm, Industrial wastewater: up to 100,000 μS/cm.

Q4: Why Is High Resistivity Important In Certain Industries?
A: In semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries, high water resistivity ensures minimal ionic contamination that could affect product quality or manufacturing processes.

Q5: Can This Formula Be Used For All Materials?
A: While ρ = 1/σ is universally true, the relationship may be more complex for anisotropic materials or at very high frequencies where other factors come into play.