1. What Is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, representing the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. It ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does The Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (unitless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution.

3. Importance Of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, medicine, and many industrial processes. It helps determine solution properties, chemical reactivity, and biological compatibility.

4. Using The Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, above 7 indicating basicity, and exactly 7 being neutral.

Q2: How is hydrogen ion concentration related to pH?
A: They have an inverse logarithmic relationship. As hydrogen ion concentration increases, pH decreases, indicating higher acidity.

Q3: What are typical pH values for common substances?
A: Battery acid (0-1), lemon juice (2-3), coffee (5), pure water (7), seawater (8), baking soda (9), bleach (12-13).

Q4: Why use logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (10^-14 to 10^0 mol/L) into a manageable 0-14 scale.

Q5: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids (negative pH) or bases (pH >14), though these are rare in typical laboratory conditions.