1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It quantifies the concentration of hydrogen ions [H⁺] in a solution and is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (unitless)
• \( [H⁺] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where values below 7 indicate acidity, 7 is neutral, and values above 7 indicate basicity.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the chemical properties of solutions and is crucial for maintaining optimal conditions in biological systems and industrial applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, where 0 is highly acidic, 7 is neutral, and 14 is highly basic.

Q2: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very concentrated strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very concentrated strong bases, pH can exceed 14.

Q3: What is the relationship between [H⁺] and pH?
A: pH decreases as [H⁺] increases. Each unit change in pH represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Q4: Is this calculator for strong acids only?
A: This calculator uses the basic pH formula that applies to all aqueous solutions, but for weak acids, additional calculations involving acid dissociation constants are needed.

Q5: What are typical pH values for common substances?
A: Battery acid: ~0.5, Lemon juice: ~2.0, Pure water: 7.0, Sea water: ~8.0, Bleach: ~12.5.